Beowulf as an Epic Hero - 1127 Words

Beowulf as an epic hero Beowulf is a poem that was written in Anglo-Saxon, between 700 and 1000 A.D., and is probably one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature. It tells the story of the heroic acts in the life of our protagonist, Beowulf. It takes place in Scandinavia (Denmark and Sweden precisely), around 500 A.D. Beowulf is a hero of the Geats who arrives in Denmark from Geatland to help the king of the Danes, Hrothgar. Hrothgar enjoyed a successful and prosperous reign: he built a great mead-hall, called Heorot, which mere purpose was to serve as a place where warriors could gather to drink, tell stories and enjoy the songs of the scops or bards. But, these gatherings were quite loud and jubilant, and they had†¦show more content†¦The definition of a hero implied facing the impossible with only courage and strength, and even if that resulted in his death, he would consider it a most honourable way to die. After he wins the fight against Grendel, he has the option to stay back while Grendel s mother tries to avenge him. But Beowulf was a great warrior, and he knew that if Grendel s mother wanted someone to pay for her son s death, it must be him, the one who killed Grendel in the first place. However, he doesn t go to her lake just to let her have her revenge; he is determined to free Denmark from the horrifying monsters: first Grendel, and now his mother. Another key factor in his decision is the fact that Grendel s mother kills Aeschere, a man of Hrothgar s. But this is not all of Beowulf s greatness as a hero. He was a loyal warrior, never betraying or letting down his lord, Hygelac. Even after Hygelac s death, he showed loyalty and respect to both his king and the throne, and supported the son of Hygelac in becoming the new king of the Geats. However, after a while, Hygelac s son died, and Beowulf became the new king. His reign brought peace and prosperity to Geatland, and this lasted for fifty years, until one day, a dragon was awoken and threatened to burn down the country. Even though he was not the same young and strong warrior anymore, Beowulf was still brave. This shows another phase of Beowulf s life: in his youth, he was a warriorShow MoreRelatedThe Epic Of Beowulf As An Epic Hero1519 Words   |  7 Pagesaway following a journey, you have most likely read an epic. An epic by definition is â€Å"a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation†. Every epic has a main character that undergoes the same archetypal journey as all other heroes, an epic hero. There are specific qualities one must have to be considered an epic hero. Each epic hero possesses superhuman strength, displays a strong sense ofRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf As An Epic Hero711 Words   |  3 Pagesthan the writer. These â€Å"epic heros† are protagonists that fulfill their potential of greatness through using their bravery, strength and humility for good. The near ancient tale of Beowulf is a classic example of an epic story that contains an epic hero. In this tale Hrothgar, the king of the Danes, has been terrorized by a beast known as Grendel. This beast has been murdering the king’s people and no one has come close to stopping this killer. A Geat warrior named Beowulf hears of the King’s predicamentRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero930 Words   |  4 Pages The story of Beowulf shows its reader many characteristics of why this Anglo-Saxon poem is an epic. First of all, Beowulf is a warrior of epic renown by the time he formally introduces himself in the poem. Next, Beowulf is the warrior that many strive to be in life. In addition, Beowulf finds himself tackling many quests that involve dangerous beasts, or as he might call them, demons. The next quality shown by Beowulf is his bravery and honor. The reader is able to easily identify this characteristicRead MoreBeowulf, The Epic Hero1373 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Beowulf, The Epic Hero In Anglo Saxon times, Beowulf is considered a well known epic hero. â€Å"Epic heroes are literary characters from ancient mythology and other stories, which were written down in the form of long, narrative epic poems. The hero is the main character, or protagonist of the poem†(Epic Hero: Definition, Characteristics Examples.). The epic hero usually battles for accomplishments to a set of tasks to complete important goals. Beowulf is described as an epic hero becauseRead MoreThe Epic Hero Of Beowulf866 Words   |  4 PagesAn epic hero is someone who is of great importance, they have supernatural abilities, have some form of connection with the Gods, and accomplish great deeds. In Beowulf, translated by Seamus Heaney, Beowulf is the epic hero in his tale and he is considered great by those who know of his life. There are two versions of his story which portrays him in a certain way. The video version does not do its best to portray him as an epic hero but instead show that he is a liar, a womanizer, and a coward. TheRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero894 Words   |  4 Pages The character of Beowulf demonstrates several characteristics that make a great epic hero. Throughout his lifetime he displayed several characteristics such as honor, bravery, physical superiority, leadership, and glory. These characteristics all formed how the Anglo-Saxons believed one should live their life. Along with the valorous deeds that Beowulf accomplished he is considered to be a prime example of an epic hero. Beowulf would have even been considered a model human to the Anglo-SaxonsRead MoreBeowulf : An Epic Hero978 Words   |  4 Pages Beowulf is a character that exudes the qualities of an epic hero. Throughout this epic, Beowulf is seen as a hero to many and a major threat to the evils he encounters. The values of the Anglo-Saxons, who would have read and admired this poem, included loyalty, bravery, and honor. Beowulf’s character exemplifies all of these qualities to the highest degree. The values and traditions of the original composers of this story cause Beowulf’s character to be the perfect example of an Anglo-SaxonRead MoreBeowulf, the Epic Hero1431 Words   |  6 PagesBeowulf, the Epic Hero There have been many grand stories about great warriors, and champions; those about epic heroes however, are the truly exceptional tales. One such tale, over a thousand years old, stands out from all the rest: Beowulf, the tale of a great warrior, on his quest to achieve eternal glory, defeating great opponents. Throughout the whole story, Beowulf demonstrates most –if not all- of the qualities that an archetypal hero possesses. He embodies the highest ideals of his cultureRead MoreBeowulf: an Epic Hero983 Words   |  4 PagesGauvain British Literature Beowulf Essay 9/22/04 Beowulf: An Epic Hero According to Abrams, the heroic poem is a long verse narrative on a serious subject, told in an elevated style, and centered on a heroic or quasi-divine figure on whose actions depends the fate of a tribe, a nation, or the human race. Beowulf fits Abrams description of an epic, exhibiting all of the characteristics listed throughout the book, thus defining Beowulf as a hero and making the book an epic through its elevatedRead MoreBeowulf : The Epic Hero960 Words   |  4 PagesPotter, and Beowulf all have in common? They all demonstrate the qualities of epic heroes. Beowulf represents several characteristics of an epic hero and demonstrates the values of the Anglo-Saxons. He is the main character of his story, he has a main goal, he travels and fights with a group of people, and he accomplishes many valorous deeds; the values of the Anglo-Saxons are also shown through the actions of Beowulf, such as courage, loyalty, and fame. For example, when Beowulf heard a cry

Romanticism Free Essays

Franz Kafka, translated by Mark Herman Chicken; 328 pages; Franz Kava’s name has been appropriated as our century’s reigning adjective; ‘Kafkaesque† is a word for which no adequate synonym exists. From the absurd circuitry of managed care to our Deliberateness workplaces and the bizarre comic opera playing in Washington, the relevance of ‘The Castle,† Kava’s Para able of bureaucracy gone mad, has never been lost on the modern reader. Until now, the accepted English version of ‘ ‘The Castle† has been the 1925 translation by Will and Edwin Mir, who believed Kava’s unfinished novel was about the quest for an unavailable God, according to Mark Herman, translator of the present volume. We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harm’s new translation emphasizes modern and post- modern meanings; Herman believes the book is about meaning itself, about the multiple interpretations of documents and events, but his translation opens up a variety of readings. In ‘The Castle,† a man named K. Arrives in a village where he has perhaps been summoned o work as a land surveyor. Its inhabitants seem to be expecting him and not to be expecting him, and there seems to be a Job and to be no Job. Presiding over the village is a castle, which sometimes can and cannot be reached by telephone, and from which officials, who sometimes can and cannot be spoken to, descend to the village. K. Struggles at first to make his way to the castle, but quickly sees that no roads lead there; he then tries to make a place for himself in the village, whose inhabitants alter neatly welcome, manipulate and reject him. Each scene in which he rise to locate himself is both ghastly and funny. K. s given a letter signed by someone named Claim, who may or may not have the authority to certify that he is employed, The letter seems to confirm and not confirm his employment and may have been delivered late or by accident by an unreliable messenger. The letter directs him to report too chairman, but the chairman tells him, ‘ ‘You were, as you say, taken on as a surveyor but we d on’t need a surveyor †¦ The boundaries of our small holdings have been marked out, everything has been duly registered, the repertories themselves rarely change hands, and whatever small boundary disputes arise, we settle ourselves. K. Is also sent two assistants, referred to as his old assistants though they are unfamiliar to him and do nothing to assist. He is alternately offered lodgings and positions and dismissed from them by people who speak in riddles. K. Takes up with Fried, Salaam’s previous mistress, but relations between them soon deteriorate into the same circuitous misunderstandings that characterize all K. ‘s dealings in the book. Every personal relationship is contaminated y the overall structure of mystery and despair. Kafka died of tuberculosis, leaving ‘The Castle† and two other novels unfinished. As Herman explains, his friend Max Brood defied Kava’s instructions to burn his unfinished work. Kava’s books were blacklisted by the Nazis as ‘ ‘harmful and undesirable writings† in the ‘ass. The present volume is translated from the 1982 German critical edition, which restores Kava’s style and syntax. The Emirs eased Kava’s dry, colloquial style and shaded his meanings to suggest a religious interpretation. In one long, painfully hilarious sequence about the rationale for officials interrogating people at night rather than in the daytime, the Emirs refer to those interrogated as ‘ ‘applicants,† a term that could indeed allude to petitioners before God. In the present version, however, Herman uses the word ‘parties,† suggesting legal proceedings, and indeed the scene, with clerks delivering mysterious files on carts while officials alternately scream for them and drop them, conjures up the courthouse from hell. Critics have also suggested that the book is a long meditation on anti-Semitism, in that K. s a perpetual outsider or reasons no one can define. It is also simultaneously about class, another illogical hierarchy that K. Defers to and resists. But in our own time, it is hard to resist the book’s implications for political and bureaucratic lunacy. How to cite Romanticism, Papers Romanticism Free Essays What is Romanticism? In literature, it was a movement that took place in most countries of the Western World in the late 18th and 19th centuries. It was thought of as a counter- Enlightenment movement. The Romantic period was a very important period of the history of the England. We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Romantics generally believed in the uniqueness of individual expression as it is attributed by life experience, an important dimension of which is frequently national character. The Nature of Romanticism Romanticism is concerned with the individual life more than with society. Romanticism was concentrated primarily in the creative expressions of literature and the arts. Romanticism has become an ageless and recurrent phenomenon. Romanticism emerged as a reaction against what was perceived to be a cultural climate that had been lacking in spontaneity, creativity and individuality. Romanticism was creative, innovating and exploratory. The Romantic Movement (In England) The first wave of the Romantic Movement came in England and Germany near the close of 18th century. In England the way gradually had much of that century. Lyrical Ballad represented a sharp break with the neoclassical tradition. Other major British Romantics were Lord Byron, Percy Abysses Shelley, John Keats, Thomas Carlyle, and Sir Walter Scott. After the historical novel, the most extensive fictional form for the Romantics was the Gothic novel. For the reader of popular fiction, the Gothic novel successfully Joined several aspects of Romanticism: The supernatural Emphasis on intense feeling Interest in the past Concern with remote settings, and The melancholy, Mysterious and fascinating figure often called the â€Å"Byronic Hero† Romanticism By deadline How to cite Romanticism, Papers Romanticism Free Essays Romanticism: Be Naturally Unique Ralph Wald Emerson once said, â€Å"to be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment. † The people from the Romanticism period in Europe during the nineteenth century would strongly agree with Emerson words. Romantics thought it was important to be different and unique. We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Romantics are: Sensitive, emotional, prefer color to form, the exotic to the familiar, [are] eager for†¦ Adventure†¦ F fantasy, [are] insistent on the uniqueness of the individual to the point of making a virtue eccentricity, the typical Romantic will old that he cannot be typical, for the very concept of â€Å"typical† suggests the work of the pigeonholing intellect he scorns. (Britton) Romanticism â€Å"can be defined as a reaction against eighteenth-century neoclassicism and the rationalism and physical materialism of the European Enlightenment† (Edwards). It supported opposite ideas than those from the Enlightenment. In Capper David Fredrick’s art, Ludwig Tick’s literature, Viscount Franà §ois Rene © De Sectarianism’s religious proposals, and J. G. Herder’s philosophical ideas, these key concepts of Romanticism are found. Capper David Fredrick’s painting â€Å"Abbey Graveyard in the Snow,† depicts a Gothic view of a magical monastic church. It â€Å"rejects the limits of Enlightenment rationalism and the reality of nineteenth century urban life† (Sherman 107). The painting accurately demonstrates the sublime; it shows the importance of nature and arouses strong emotions, especially fear (Kananga et. L. 583). It is a very spooky painting that shows the contribution of surreal images during the Romantic period. Although it is somewhat accurate, many of its characteristics include unrealistic and imaginative concepts. An important Romantic idea is that one’s emotions and feelings are more important than rationality and order, as was supporte d during the Enlightenment. Nature was also a very important characteristic of Romanticism. Frederica does a great Job of including â€Å"the spirituality of nature and the glories or Christianity’ (Sherman 107) in this painting. He portrays the humans as very insignificant compared to the overwhelming natural figures surrounding them. This melancholy painting clearly demonstrates many of the important aspects from the Romantic period. Like Frederica, Johann Gottfried herder showed the key concepts of Romanticism but through his philosophical essay â€Å"On the Knowing and Feelings of the Human Soul. † By â€Å"[rejecting] the mechanical explanation of nature†¦ [and] believing [that] each language and culture are the unique expression of people† (Kananga et. L. 588) it is evident that Herder is a true Romantic man. To Herder, nature and organic concepts were significant aspects. Individuality and each individual accepting their unique qualities was also something that Herder supported and thought was important for each person to have, Just as most Romantics do. Viscount Franà §ois Rene © De Sectarianism’s book, The Genius of Christianity also demonstrates the â€Å"strong Roman C atholic revival [that] took place in France† during the Romantic period (Kananga et. Al. 587). This book taught all Catholics that â€Å"the foundation of faith in the church was the emotion that its teachings and sacraments inspired in the heart of the Christian† (Kananga et. Al. 587). Passion was very important to Catholicism in Sectarianism’s perspective. In the book, Scatterbrained writes, â€Å"every thing in a Gothic church reminds you of the labyrinths of a wood†¦ And] excites a feeling of religious awe, of mystery, and of the Divinity’ (Sherman 107). The Genius of Christianity shows classic characteristics from the Romantic period such as curiosity in the supernatural and the irrational, along with dramatic and gothic scenes created. As Scatterbrained says himself, â€Å"the more remote were these times the more magical they appeared†¦ The more they inspired ideas†¦ † (Sherman 107). Scatterbrained sees a correlation between the secluded time period and the magical and imaginative interpretations. To depict Romantic characteristics, Ludwig Thick sees his novel, William Lovely, to create a comparison between a Romantic character, Lovely, and Enlightened characters. Lovely’s â€Å"life is built on love and imagination† (Kananga et. Al. 81) but the people he is compared to â€Å"live by cold reason alone† (Kananga et. Al. 581). Ludwig attacks reasonable and rational concepts by saying that imagination is better and more important. By portraying two women, who are very materialistic and reasonable, and how they destroy Lovely, Thick does a good Job of criticizing the rational world. Because Thick depicts the negative aspects of enlightened thought, he, at the same time, tries to s upport and overcome people with natural, irrational, and imaginative Romantic ideals. Evidently, it was very important to Romantics to remain unique individuals and be proud of their own individuality. They all enjoyed nature and what it brought for people in this Romantic period. Although something might be strange, or even scary, it was admired for its natural appeal and the affect it had on one’s emotions. Oliver James put the importance of individuality into the question, â€Å"why are you trying so hard to fit in, when you’re born to stand out? â€Å" How to cite Romanticism, Papers Romanticism Free Essays Eden Gayety Romanticism Poetry English H 10 Due to the outbreak of rationalism from the Scientific Revolution, people began focusing on optimism and humanism to make the world a better place in which they called the Enlightenment. Following this, The Romantic Movement is said to have began in the sass’s and is known as an international artistic and philosophical movement that focused on the thought of oneself and the world. Its span also included the American Revolution (1776) and the French Revolution (1789) and is often called the â€Å"age of revolutions† continuing to the Industrial Revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Romanticism transforms the theory and practice of all art and the way we perceive the world; artists of the time glorified nature, idealized the past, and celebrated the divinity of all creation (Introduction to Romanticism). John Keats was one of many Romantic poets; his work is also some of many famous and cherished pieces of art. Keats was born in 1795 and the rest of his short life ending in 1821 was devoted to the perfection of poetry. He used immense imagery and philosophy throughout his poems. When Keats was a child, his father offered a terrible accident and died when he was only eight years old. This event shaped Keats’ understanding of human conditions such as the idea of suffering and loss. After two poorly reviewed and criticized publications, Keats decided to change and envisioned a kind of poetry blooming its beauty from human experiences (biography. Com). One of his more sensuous works was â€Å"To Autumn† and â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† which was his more different ode and individualized poem. To Autumn† explicates the season of autumn as a female goddess, her hair â€Å"soft- fifed† by the wind and â€Å"drowsed with the fume of poppies† while fruits ripen and late flowers bloom in the panicking weeks before winter begins. â€Å"Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? / Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,† begins the last stanza. Keats uses these lines to tell Autumn not to wonder where the songs of spring have gone, but to listen to her own music. The poem continues with the ending of autumn as â€Å"small gnats mourn among the river sallow,† and â€Å"gathering swallows twitter in the skies. Keats uses this poem to show his ability of rhyme and vivid imagery by each stanza flowing so generously from line to line with a sense of emotion and visible scenery only few of many people can accomplish. â€Å"To Autumn† also pursues Romanticism because it accentuates the being of nature and the divinity of creation. â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† opens with the declaration of heartache, feeling numb like he had drank hemlock or a dull opiate. He addresses a nightingale he acquaintances the rest of the poem. Within the eight stanzas consisting often lines each, Keats wows the progression of the speaker who begins with a careless attitude, â€Å"With beaded bubbles winking at the brim, / And purple-stained mouth; / That I might drink, and leave the world unseen, / And with thee fade away into the forest dim:† then continuing to explain to the nightingale his desire to fade away, saying he would like to forget the troubles the nightingale has ever known. Keats writes in the third stanza â€Å"Where youth grows pale, and specter-thin, and dies;† that he refers to his brother who past away the previous winter from tuberculosis (Prentice Hall, 723). The peaked tells the nightingale to fly away and he will follow but not through alcohol in which Keats expresses he will follow â€Å"But on the viewless wings of Poesy,† meaning through poetry. In the sixth stanza, the speaker admits to the nightingale he has often been â€Å"half in love with useful Death† and carries on to believe the idea of dying seems richer than ever, longing to â€Å"cease upon the midnight with no pain† while the nightingale â€Å"pouring forth thy soul abroad / In such ecstasy! The speaker states forlorn like a bell to toll him back to consciousness. As the nightingale flies way from him, the speaker mourns that his imagination failed him and cannot recall whether the bird’s music â€Å"Was it a vision, or a waking dream? / Fled is that music: -Do I wake or sleep? † What differs from â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† and Keats’ other creations of odes are that its rhyme scheme is the same in every stanza, ABSCONDE D. As well as in â€Å"To Autumn† Keats shows an immense ability to word his lines illustrating imagery and remaining loyal to his rhyme scheme. All of John Keats’ works of literature are going to reflect the ideas of Romanticism because he is one of the many tests who created the philosophical ideas of Romanticism and what we define it as Romanticism was crucial to American culture because Romanticists such as Emily Dickinson and Edgar Allen Poe played a huge role in our literary history. Germany was alongside Europe during their Romantic Movement with the famous Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who created the novel, The Sorrows of Young Wrester. Like all other eras in world history, it most likely becomes global and depending on where determines the type of people consisting of it and what they make of their work. How to cite Romanticism, Papers Romanticism Free Essays The emphasis of Romanticism is on the imagination and emotion and it started as reaction against the Industrial Revolution, which emphasized commercial production as well as a response to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment values of reason ND order caused by the ending of the French Revolution (1789). The Romanticism was a period in which certain ideas and attitudes arose; intellect became the dominant mode of expression. Expression was everything to the Romantics; art, music, poetry, drama, literature and philosophy (The History guide). We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Romantics opted for a life of the heart and appreciated diversity in man and nature. Change – The Romantics were liberals and conservatives, revolutionaries and reactionaries. Some were preoccupied with God, others were atheistic to the core. The Romantics saw diversity and uniqueness – those traits created diversity between an and nations. The Romantics exclaimed, â€Å"Dare to be! † (The History guide). The old order politics and the economy seemed to be falling apart and raised the threat of moral disaster. There need to build and reshape new systems of discipline and order grew. The era was full of innovative ideas and new art forms. Zeitgeist – â€Å"Hedge’s idea of the zeitgeist, the â€Å"spirit of the age,† the ghostly embodiment of the most important factors that are acting in human history at any given time, was frequently invoked as an idea conveying a vague sense of historical and natural inevitability to whatever the writer favored. Hedge’s concept of the zeitgeist gave thinkers a carte blanches to imagine sweeping historical scenarios manifesting various historical inevitabilities and grand narratives† (rationalism. Com). The intellectual with ideas always faces problems. Questions of meaning, interpretation and an acceptance of a particular Zeitgeist, or climate of opinion or world view is serious but difficult stuff. Expression – Romantics believed in art that created strong emotions. It encouraged poetry to be freer in technique and effects (rationalism. Com), and finding inspiration in other forms of media and even using it reading their own. The idea of the genius is another thing we owe to Romanticism; it was the cornerstone of the aesthetic philosophy. How to cite Romanticism, Papers Romanticism Free Essays American Literature Romanticism Essay Irving and Romanticism What is Romanticism? Today, people would relate it with love and romance, however Romanticism is actually a style of literature that emphasizes imagination and emotion ins. It flourished in Europe and America throughout the 18th and 19th century and began a after the French Revolution in 1789. It was used by many authors and poets, such as Washings on Irving, Edgar Allan Poe, and William Sullen Bryant. We will write a custom essay sample on Romanticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Romanticism writers glorified nature, did legalized the past, and celebrated the divinity of creation and mystery. Washington Irving was a Romantic writer in the sass. He was the first American writ to achieve an international reputation. He was the youngest writer at this time, being published at the age of 16. Irving based most of his works on German folk tales and used satire in one of his most famous folk tales, â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker. † In, â€Å"The Devil and Tom Walker,† Irving uses Romantic qualities such as, awareness of he past, nature, supernatural element, and mystery. He creates the setting at the be ginning of the story using nature and then uses awareness of the past to show what time the story I s taking place in. Then, he uses mystery by making the reader use their imagination as to where To m Walker’s wife went and uses supernatural element with the devil. He creates the plot and the r details by using these Romanticism qualities. Irving writes about good versus evil or in this case, the Devil versus God. In this story, Tom Walker represents greed and teaches people to not be greedy. Irving makes the reader realize that people do anything they can to become rich and have money. In this case , Tom Walker sold his soul to the devil for money, but after he had what he wanted, he became me scared about what would happen to him in the afterlife. Many people throughout their lives do this as well, meaning that they do not care until it is too late. In conclusion, Irving was an outstanding writer and used Romanticism throughout his How to cite Romanticism, Papers

Name Essays (2334 words) - Aviation, Transport, Aeronautics

Name: Date: Graded Assignment Interim Checkpoint 3, Part 2 Total score: ____ of 15 points (Score for Question 1: ___ of 5 points) Read the passage. Then answer the question. excerpt from "Living or Dead?" by Rabindranath Tagore (This excerpt from "Living or Dead?" contains authentic references to cultural and historical practices of the past, so it is authentic to the time period and the place, India. Many of these practices would be considered archaic or inappropriate by today's standards, but they serve as an important lesson to help readers imagine what life was like in other times and places, so they are better able to understand and appreciate the evolution of societies over time.) The widow in the house of Saradasankar, the Ranihat zemindar, had no kinsmen of her father's family. One after another all had died. Nor had she in her husband's family any one she could call her own, neither husband nor son. The child of her brother-in-law Saradasankar was her darling. For a long time after his birth, his mother had been very ill, and the widow, his aunt Kadambini, had fostered him. If a woman fosters another's child, her love for him is all the stronger because she has no claim upon himno claim of kinship, that is, but simply the claim of love. Love cannot prove its claim by any document which society accepts, and does not wish to prove it; it merely worships with double passion its life's uncertain treasure. Thus all the widow's thwarted love went out towards this little child. One night in Sraban, Kadambini died suddenly. For some reason her heart stopped beating. Everywhere else the world held on its course; only in this gentle little breast, suffering with love , the watch of time stood still forever. Lest they should be harassed by the poike, four of the zemindar's Brahmin servants took away the body, without ceremony, to be burned. The burning-ground of Ranihat was very far from the village. There was a hut beside a tank, a huge banian near it, and nothing more. Formerly, a river, now completely dried up, ran through the ground, and part of the watercourse had been dug out to make a tank for the performance of funeral rites. The people considered the tank as part of the river and reverenced it as such. Taking the body into the hut, the four men sat down to wait for the wood. The time seemed so long that two of the four grew restless and went to see why it did not come. Nitai and Gurucharan being gone, Bidhu and Banamali remained to watch over the body. It was a dark night of Sraban. Heavy clouds hung in a starless sky. The two men sat silent in the dark room. Their matches and lamp were useless. The matches were damp, and would not light, for all their efforts, and the lantern went out. After a long silence, one said: "Brother, it would be good if we had a bowl of tobacco. In our hurry we brought none." The other answered: "I can run and bring all we want." Understanding why Banarnali wanted to go (from fear of ghosts, the burning-ground being considered haunted), Bidhu said: "I daresay! Meanwhile, I suppose I am to sit here alone!" Conversation ceased again. Five minutes seemed like an hour. In their minds they cursed the two, who had gone to fetch the wood, and they began to suspect that they sat gossiping in some pleasant nook. There was no sound anywhere, except the incessant noise of frogs and crickets from the tank. Then suddenly they fancied that the bed shook slightly, as if the dead body had turned on its side. Bidhu and Banamali trembled and began muttering: "Ram, Ram." A deep sigh was heard in the room. In a moment the watchers leapt out of the hut and raced for the village. After running about three miles, they met their colleagues coming back with a lantern. As a matter of fact, they had gone to smoke and knew nothing about the wood. But they declared that a tree had been cut down and that, when it was split up, it would be brought along at once. Then

Digestion and Absorption Essays - Digestive System, Hepatology

Digestion and Absorption Essays - Digestive System, Hepatology Introduction The key issue in the digestion and absorption of fats is one of solubility. Lipids are hydrophobic, and thus are poorly soluble in the aqueous environment of the digestive tract. The digestive enzyme, lipase, is water soluble and can only work at the surface of fat globules. Digestion is greatly aided by emulsification, the breaking up of fat globules into much smaller emulsion droplets. Bile salts and phospholipids are amphipathic molecules that are present in the bile. Motility in the small intestine breaks fat globules apart into small droplets that are coated with bile salts and phospholipids, preventing the emulsion droplets from re-associating.The emulsion droplets are where digestion occurs. Emulsification greatly increases the surface area where water-soluble lipase can work to digest triacylglycerol. Lipase is a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats to fatty acids and glycerol or other alcohols. Lipase is primarily produced in the pancreas, but is also in th e mouth and stomach. Most people produce enough pancreatic lipase. But people with cystic fibrosis, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease may not have enough lipase to get the nutrition they need from food. Lipase is an enzyme which catalyzes the degradation of triglycerides. More generally known as Lipoprotein Lipase(LpL). This is a catabolic reaction. Lipases catalyse the breakdown of fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine, with an equation of ; Fats (lipids) Fatty acid and glycerol. Lipase hydrolyses the fat in milk to fatty acids which react with sodium carbonate to lower the pH of the mixture. This pH change is observed by using phenolphthalein. Procedure (a) Firstly , label three test-tubes 1-3. (b) Next , using a pipette or syringe, place 5 ml milk in each tube. (c) Rinse the pipette and use it to place 7 ml dilute sodium carbonate solution in each tube. This solution is to make the mixture alkaline. (d) Rinse the pipette or syringe and use it to place 1 ml 3% bile salts solution in tubes 2 and 3 only. (e) Use a dropping pipette to add phenolphthalein solution to each tube until the contents are bright pink. About six drops will be sufficient and equal quantities should be added to each tube. Phenolphthalein is a pH indicator. In alkaline solutions (above pH10) it is pink; in 'acid' solutions (below pH 8.3) it is colourless. (f) In a spare test-tube, place about 15 mm of 5% lipase solution and, using a test-tube holder, heat the liquid over a small Bunsen flame until it boils for a few seconds. Cool the tube under the tap and, using the graduated pipette or syringe, transfer 1 ml of the boiled liquid to tube 2. (g) With the pipette or syringe, place 1 ml unboiled lipase solution in tubes 1 and 3. (h) Note the time. Shake the tubes to mix the contents, return them to the rack and copy the table below into your notebook, observing the tubes from time to time. (i) Note the time required for the contents of each tube to go white and then complete the table of results. Results Tube 1 (Lipase only): took 6 mins 42 secs to turn from pink to clear/white Tube 2 (Boiled Lipase, Bile salts): remained pink after 15 minutes Tube 3 (Lipase and bile salts): 2 mins and 11 secs Discussion The result obtained is different because all three test tubes are tested with different condition and materials. From the result function of bile salts is known and what will a boiled lipase will result. Test tube 1 shows the change in phenolphthalein after 4 minutes, where you used no bile. This is the time it takes for lipase to break down ordinary fats to fatty acids and glycerol (the production of the acids causes the colour change). Test tube 2 doesnt show any changes for 15 minutes due to boiled lipase which is used to show the denaturing effect of heat on enzymes (which are proteins). Heating the lipase destroyed its structure, which in turn prevents its action. This means that no fats are converted, even in the presence of bile but emulsification still occurred in this tube. Test tube 3 took 2 minutes plus to change colour because the

The Colorful History of Lipstick

The Colorful History of Lipstick Lipstick by definition is a cosmetic used to color lips, usually crayon-shaped and packaged in a tubular container. No individual inventor can be credited as the first to invent lipstick as it is an ancient invention, however, we can trace the history of the use of lipstick and credit individual inventors for creating certain formulas and methods of packaging. The First Lip Coloring The actual term lipstick wasnt first used until 1880, however, people were coloring their lips long before that date. Upper-class Mesopotamians applied crushed semi-precious jewels to their lips. Egyptians made a red dye for their lips from a combination of fucus-algin, iodine, and bromine mannite. Cleopatra was said to have used a mixture of crushed carmine beetles and ants to color her lips red. Many historians give credit to the ancient Arab cosmetologist, Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi for inventing the first solid lipsticks, which he described in his writings as perfumed sticks rolled and pressed in special molds. Innovations in Lipstick Packaging Historians note that the first cosmetic lipstick manufactured commercially (rather than homemade products) occurred around 1884. Parisian perfumers had begun to sell lip cosmetics to their customers. By the late 1890s, the Sears Roebuck catalog started to advertise and sell both lip and cheek rouge. Early lip cosmetics were not packaged in their familiar tubes that we see used today. Lip cosmetics were then wrapped in silk paper, placed in paper tubes, used tinted papers, or sold in small pots. Two inventors can be credited with inventing what we know as the tube of lipstick and made lipstick a portable item for women to carry. In 1915, Maurice Levy of the Scovil Manufacturing Company invented the metal tube container for lipstick, which had a small lever at the side of the tube that lowered and raised the lipstick. Levy called his invention the Levy Tube.In 1923, James Bruce Mason Jr. of Nashville, Tennessee patented the first swivel-up tube. Since then the Patent Office has issued countless patents for lipstick dispensers. Innovations in Lipstick Formulas Believe it or not, the formulas for making lipstick used to consist of such things as pigment powders, crushed insects, butter, beeswax, and olive oil. These early formulas would only last for a few hours before going rancid and often had ill effects on ones health. In 1927, French Chemist, Paul Baudercroux invented a formula he called Rouge Baiser, considered to be the first kiss-proof lipstick. Ironically, Rouge Baiser was so good at remaining on ones lips that it was banned from the marketplace after being considered too hard to remove. Years later in 1950, chemist Helen Bishop invented a new version of long-lasting lipstick called No-Smear Lipstick that was very successful commercially. Another element of lipstick formulas effects is the lipsticks finish. Max Factor invented lip gloss in the 1930s. Like much of his other cosmetics, Max Factor first invented lip gloss to be used on movie actors, however, it was soon worn by regular consumers

HR Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

HR - Coursework Example Job designing is aimed at improving the progress of an organization, for example by reducing the operational costs of the organization and the training expenses (Arthur, 2004). Job designing improves all these through many strategies, which, are put in place by the administrative body of an organization. These strategies are; job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation and extension of work time length. This is the process of assigning employees more than one task and of different provisions. This helps in lowering the degree of specialization among the employees and helps them to develop new skills due to their experiences in the jobs. This is where the employee is given some authority left on the hand of the administrative body of an organization. Though it helps in equipping the employee with some managerial skills, it has some disadvantages. The disadvantage is that the employee may be granted much power, which may lead to serious administrative drawbacks. Job rotation; this is where an employee is posted to different departments within an organization. This helps the employee to absorb knowledge to under those different departments and save the organization from the cost of training other employees and also reducing the cost of paying large number of works. This is where the length of the working time is increased in order to give workers ample duration to offer their services without any inconvenience due to lack of enough time. This also helps the workers to work at a reasonable pace with low supervision and still produce better turn out. This is where analysis is made on the most essential components of a job with an aim of reorganizing the job in order to improve its efficiency. According to Robertson and Smith (1985), there are different steps involved in job simplification. The steps are as follows: The fifth step involves attempting the job personally and caution should be taken in order to avoid

Competition Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Competition Law - Essay Example The important objectives of the practice of competition law are to ensure the entrepreneurs by providing the opportunity to compete in the market economy and protect the interest of the consumer welfare. This essay will discuss the purpose of competition law. Competition law is a law that focuses on the control of anti-competitive agreements, monopolies and mergers between organizations. This area of legal firmament also included cartels (LSE 1). Restrictive business practices can often lead to market failures. The failure in the market can be dealt by the competition law. There are several kinds of restrictive business practices that include abuse of dominance, cartelization, tie-in sales, predatory pricing, re-sale price maintenance etc. Before discussing the purpose of the competition law, it is vital to note the origin and history of the law. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, the competition law emerged. The competition law was first enacted in the United States. The Sherman Act of 1890 is the first Federal Statute. This act was enacted to tackle monopolies and oligopolistic cartels. In the wake of Industrial Revolution, the large trusts were formed. This act emerged against the predations and supremacy of the huge trusts. The three major elements of modern competition law are merger control, anti-competitive agreements and abuse of dominance. Other important United States legislations were Hart-Scott-Rodino Act, the Clayton Act, the Robison-Patman Act and the Federal Trade Commission Act. The proliferation of competition law has not been only in North America and Europe but also around the globe. After the enactment, competition law became one of the crucial pillars of a market economy. The main purpose of the law is to maintain market competition and improve economic efficiency. It can be regarded as the force that drives companies to improve their efficiency. After enhancing the efficiency, it drives companies to pass its